In this game no its just a number pointing out damage. with a desired type of damage wich is just virtuel.
The radiation field is visual but is not real duhhh
Nukes have their damage declared on the projectile object itself.
As for how to make a white flash, you would need to look at the fxlist that the nuke creates in fxlist.ini, then just edit the particle systems it uses, or make new particle systems for it.
As for the neutron bomb, copy the nuke, discard of the radiation creation ocl's, and you're pretty much done.
If you want the China's Napalm Mig Special power as a normal attack.. just delete it's required science in the special power file and it will automatically be in the command centers button list.